Capsaicin: Friend or Foe in Skin Cancer and Other Related Malignancies?

Kant: Friend or Foe of the Believer? Plantinga and Other American Christian Responses to Kant's Epistemology

Apocrine Metaplasia in Intraductal Papilloma with Foci of DCIS: A Friend or Foe?

Malignant papillary neoplasms of the breast comprise a number of microscopically distinct lesions, where apocrine metaplasia is commonly found in papillomas compared to other papillary lesions including papillary carcinomas. However, association of apocrine metaplasia in papilloma with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) is not very well defined. The lesions with apocrine metaplasia are not only di...

International Trends in Immunity

IL-15 is a member of the family of IL-2 cytokines. This family of cytokines activates signaling pathways leading to cellular activation, proliferation and survival. IL-15 exhibits broad activity and induces the differentiation and proliferation of NK, T and B cells. Furthermore, IL-15 protects T-effector cells from the action of T Regulatory cells and reverses tolerance to tumor associated anti...

AMPK in cancer: Tumor friend or foe?

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a downstream target of the tumor suppressor and serine/threonine kinase, LKB1. LKB1 phosphorylates conserved threonine residues in the activation loops not only of AMPK but also of several AMPK-related kinases, activating all of them. AMPK (but not the AMPK-related kinases) is switched on in an LKB1-dependent manner by energy stress, and acts to conserve A...

Effector mechanisms of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in B cell malignancies.

Activation of the complement system by tumor cells was long believed to only benefit the host. Overexpression of complement inhibitors by many tumor cell types and results obtained in several experimental animal models were all in agreement with this hypothesis. However, recent reports imply that the situation is more complex than initially believed and that under certain circumstances tumor ce...